{"id":2198,"date":"2020-03-12T17:07:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-12T17:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/"},"modified":"2021-03-02T19:21:20","modified_gmt":"2021-03-02T19:21:20","slug":"objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/","title":{"rendered":"Objectif 12 : r\u00e9duction du risque d&rsquo;extinction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\u00a0\u00bbstretch_row\u00a0\u00bb full_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb bg_type=\u00a0\u00bbbg_color\u00a0\u00bb bg_color_value=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(124,148,73,0.1)\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605631418985{margin-bottom: 37px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime;][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb723&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bbtargetimage\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605696592744{margin-top: 3px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h1>Objectif 12 : r\u00e9duction du risque d&rsquo;extinction<\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613736983565{margin-top: 3px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 18px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>D\u2019ici \u00e0 2020, l\u2019extinction d\u2019esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es connues est \u00e9vit\u00e9e et leur \u00e9tat de conservation, en particulier de celles qui tombent le plus en d\u00e9clin, est am\u00e9lior\u00e9 et maintenu.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605627452898{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613737140252{border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 24px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Messages principaux<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>De nombreux peuples autochtones et communaut\u00e9s locales envisagent les plantes et les animaux \u00e0 travers le prisme d&rsquo;une relation de parent\u00e9, avec un esprit, des obligations de soin, et un statut moral \u00e9gal \u00e0 celui des humains. Les valeurs ax\u00e9es sur les relations motivent souvent les personnes \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger et restaurer des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li>Les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales mesurent le r\u00e9tablissement des esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide, par exemple, d&rsquo;indicateurs culturels, de syst\u00e8mes communautaires de surveillance et d&rsquo;information, de savoirs autochtones et locaux, et d&rsquo;une gouvernance et d&rsquo;une gestion communautaires.<\/li>\n<li>Les partenariats avec les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales renferment un fort potentiel, mais ils doivent assurer le respect mutuel, la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9, le partage des avantages, la reddition des comptes et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 culturelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613737133170{border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 24px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Signification de l&rsquo;objectif 12 pour les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Dans de nombreux endroits, les esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es font partie int\u00e9grante des moyens de subsistance, des valeurs, des identit\u00e9s et des droits humains des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales.<span id='easy-footnote-1-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-2198' title='Burgess, C.P. et al. (2005) \u00ab Healthy Country: Healthy People? Exploring the health benefits of Indigenous natural resource management \u00bb. &lt;em&gt;Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health&lt;\/em&gt; 29(2), pp. 117-22.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nHaggerty, J.H. et al. (2018) \u00ab Restoration and the affective ecologies of healing: Buffalo and the Fort Peck tribes \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Conservation &amp;amp; Society&lt;\/em&gt; 16(1), pp. 21-29.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nKnox, J.H. (2017) &lt;em&gt;Rapport du Rapporteur sp\u00e9cial sur la question des obligations relatives aux droits de l&amp;rsquo;homme se rapportant aux moyens de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&amp;rsquo;un environnement s\u00fbr, propre, sain et durable&lt;\/em&gt; : Rapport sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique. A\/HRC\/34\/49. Gen\u00e8ve : Conseil des droits de l&amp;rsquo;homme des Nations Unies et Winston-Salem : Wake Forest University.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nMagga, P. et Tervaniemi, S. (2018) \u00ab Belonging to S\u00e1pmi &amp;#8211; the S\u00e1mi conceptions of home and home region \u00bb in Eriksen, T.H., Valkonen, S. et Valkonen, J. (\u00e9d.) &lt;em&gt;Knowing from the Indigenous North: Sa\u0301mi approaches to history, politics and belonging&lt;\/em&gt;. Routledge.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nMarselle, M.R., Stadler, J., Korn, H., Irvine, K.N., Bonn, A. (2019) \u00ab Biodiversity and health in the face of climate change: Challenges, opportunities and evidence gaps \u00bb, in Marselle, M., Stadler, J., Korn, H., Irvine, K. et Bonn, A. (\u00e9d.) &lt;em&gt;Biodiversity and health in the face of climate change&lt;\/em&gt;. Springer, Cham.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nMcGinnis, A., Kincaid, A.T, Barrett, M.J., Ham, C. (2019) \u00ab Strengthening animal-human relationships as a doorway to indigenous holistic wellness \u00bb. &lt;em&gt;Ecopsychology&lt;\/em&gt;11(3), pp. 162\u201373.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nRussell, R., Guerry, A.D., Balvanera, P., Gould, R.K., Basurto, X., Chan, K.M.A., Klain, S., Levine, J. et Tam, J. (2013) \u00ab Humans and nature: How knowing and experiencing nature affect well-being \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Annual Review of Environment and Resources&lt;\/em&gt;38(1).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nWidenhorn, S. (2013) \u00ab Towards epistemic justice with indigenous peoples\u2019 knowledge? Exploring the potentials of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the philosophy of buen vivir \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Development&lt;\/em&gt;56(3), pp. 378\u201386.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Les savoirs traditionnels, exprim\u00e9s \u00e0 travers des r\u00e9cits, des chants, des pri\u00e8res et des langues, sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de l&rsquo;existence, \u00e0 la survie et au r\u00e9tablissement des esp\u00e8ces.<span id='easy-footnote-2-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-2198' title='Fern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1. et Cabeza, M. \u00ab Rediscovering the potential of indigenous storytelling for conservation practice \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Conservation Letters 11&lt;\/em&gt;(3).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nFern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1. et Lepofsky, D., \u00ab Ethnobiology through song \u00bb,&lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnobiology&lt;\/em&gt; 39(3).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nPeterson, D., Hanazaki, N. et Li, F. (2019) \u00ab Understanding canoe making as a process of preserving cultural heritage \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ethnobiology Letters&lt;\/em&gt; 10(1).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nNabhan, G. (2020) \u00ab Interspecific relationships affecting endangered species recognized by O\u2019Odham and Comcaac cultures \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecological Applications&lt;\/em&gt;10(5).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nNabhan, G.P., et Martinez, D. (2012) \u00ab Traditional ecological knowledge and endangered species recovery: Is ethnobiology for the birds? \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnobiology&lt;\/em&gt; 32(1), pp. 1-5. R&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nReyes-Garc\u00eda, V. et Fern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1. (2019) \u00ab Sing to learn: The role of songs in the transmission of indigenous knowledge among the Tsimane\u2019 of Bolivian Amazonia \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnobiology&lt;\/em&gt; 39(3), pp. 460-477.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nSato, A.Y., Price, M.R. et Vaughan, M.B. (2019) \u00ab K\u0101huli: Uncovering indigenous ecological knowledge to conserve endangered hawaiian land snails \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal&lt;\/em&gt; 31(3).'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Les humains existent dans des relations de parent\u00e9 sacr\u00e9es avec des \u00eatres autres qu&rsquo;humains, des relations qui comportent des obligations de surveillance.<span id='easy-footnote-3-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-2198' title='Atleo, U.E.R (2012) &lt;em&gt;Principles of Tsawalk: An Indigenous Approach to Global Crisis&lt;\/em&gt;. University of British Colombia Press.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nForum international des peuples autochtones sur la biodiversit\u00e9, R\u00e9seau international des femmes sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique, Forest Peoples Programme et al. (2018) \u00ab Submission on scope, content and structure for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, including scale and scope for action necessary to make progress towards the 2050 vision, and strategy and targets for resource mobilization and collective action \u00bb. Secr\u00e9tariat de la Convention sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique. Disponible sur : &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/doc\/strategic-plan\/Post2020\/postsbi\/iifb3.pdf&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/doc\/strategic-plan\/Post2020\/postsbi\/iifb3.pdf&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nKennett, R., Jackson, M. Morrison, J. et Kitchens, J. (2010) \u00ab Indigenous rights and obligations to manage traditional land and sea estates in North Australia: The role of Indigenous rangers and the I-Tracker Project \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Policy Matters \u2013 the CEESP Journal&lt;\/em&gt;17.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nReo, N.J. (2019) \u00ab &lt;em&gt;Inawendiwin&lt;\/em&gt;and relational accountability in Anishnaabeg Studies: The crux of the biscuit \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnobiology&lt;\/em&gt; 39(1), pp. 65-75.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nSnively, G. et Williams, W.L. (2016) &lt;em&gt;Knowing Home: Braiding Indigenous Science with Western Science (Book 1)&lt;\/em&gt;. British Colombia : University of Victoria.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nFern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1. et Cabeza, M. (2017) \u00ab Rediscovering the potential of indigenous storytelling for conservation practice \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Conservation Letters&lt;\/em&gt; 11(3).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nFern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1. et Lepofsky, D., (2019) \u00ab Ethnobiology through song \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnobiology&lt;\/em&gt; 39(3).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nPeterson, D., Hanazaki, N. et Li, F. (2019) \u00ab Understanding canoe making as a process of preserving cultural heritage \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ethnobiology Letters&lt;\/em&gt; 10(1).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nNabhan, G. (2020) \u00ab Interspecific relationships affecting endangered species recognized by O&amp;rsquo;Odham and Comcaac cultures \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecological Applications&lt;\/em&gt; 10(5).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nNabhan, G.P., et Martinez, D. (2012) \u00ab Traditional ecological knowledge and endangered species recovery: Is ethnobiology for the birds? \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnobiology&lt;\/em&gt; 32(1), pp. 1-5. R&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nReyes-Garc\u00eda, V. et Fern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1. (2019) \u00ab Sing to learn: The role of songs in the transmission of indigenous knowledge among the Tsimane\u2019 of Bolivian Amazonia \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnobiology&lt;\/em&gt; 39(3), pp. 460-477.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nSato, A.Y., Price, M.R. et Vaughan, M.B. (2019) \u00ab K\u0101huli: Uncovering indigenous ecological knowledge to conserve endangered Hawaiian land snails \u00bb,&lt;em&gt;Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal&lt;\/em&gt; 31(3).'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales cr\u00e9ent des habitats bioculturels et g\u00e8rent l&rsquo;environnement \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de moyens qui peuvent contribuer \u00e0 ce r\u00e9tablissement.<span id='easy-footnote-4-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-2198' title='Anderson, M.K. (2013) T&lt;em&gt;ending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California\u2019s Natural Resources&lt;\/em&gt;. University of California Press.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nBaker, L., Olubode, O.S., Tanimola, A.A. et Garshelis, D.L. (2014) \u00ab Role of local culture, religion, and human attitudes in the conservation of sacred populations of a threatened \u2018pest\u2019 species \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Biodiversity and Conservation&lt;\/em&gt; 23, pp. 1895\u20131909.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nBird, R.B., Tayor, N., Codding, B.F., Bird, D.W. (2013) \u00ab Niche construction and dreaming logic: aboriginal patch mosaic burning and varanid lizards (&lt;em&gt;Varanus Gouldii&lt;\/em&gt;) in Australia \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Proceedings of the Royal Society B.&lt;\/em&gt; 280(1772).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nBridgewater, P. et Rotherham, I.D. (2019) \u00ab A critical perspective on the concept of biocultural diversity and its emerging role in nature and heritage conservation \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;People and Nature&lt;\/em&gt;1(3).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nGar\u00ed,J.A. (2001) \u00ab Biodiversity and indigenous agroecology in Amazonia: The Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Etnoecol\u00f3gica&lt;\/em&gt;5(7), pp. 21-37.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nVerschuuren, B., Subramanian, S.M. et Hiemstra, W. (2014) &lt;em&gt;Community well-being in biocultural landscapes: Are we living well?&lt;\/em&gt; Practical Action Publishing.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nPungetti, G., Oviedo, G. et Hooke, D. &lt;em&gt;Sacred species and sites: Advances in biocultural conservation&lt;\/em&gt;. Cambridge University Press.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> La restauration des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es s&rsquo;inscrit dans leurs relations plus larges de gu\u00e9rison avec l&rsquo;environnement, sur la base de la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 et de la responsabilit\u00e9.<span id='easy-footnote-5-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-2198' title='Eckert, L.E., Ban, N., Tallio, S-C. et Turner, N. (2018) \u00ab Linking marine conservation and indigenous cultural revitalization: First Nations free themselves from externally imposed social-ecological traps \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Society&lt;\/em&gt;23(4).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nKimmerer, R. (2011) \u00ab Restoration and reciprocity: The contributions of traditional ecological knowledge \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Human Dimensions of Ecological Restoration,&lt;\/em&gt; pp. 257\u201376.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nKimmerer, R. (2015) &lt;em&gt;Braiding sweetgrass: Indigenous wisdom, scientific knowledge and the teachings of plants&lt;\/em&gt;. . Penguin.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nMorishige, K., Andrade, P., Pascua, P. et Steward, K. (2018) \u00ab N\u0101 Kilo \u02bb\u0100ina: Visions of biocultural restoration through indigenous relationships between people and place \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Sustainability&lt;\/em&gt;10(10).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nWhyte, K. (2019) \u00ab Too Late for indigenous climate justice: Ecological and relational tipping points \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;WIREs Climate Change&lt;\/em&gt; 11(1)'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les causes profondes de la mise en danger des esp\u00e8ces \u00e9voluent au fil du temps, il est \u00e9galement important de reconna\u00eetre que les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales jouissent d&rsquo;une longue exp\u00e9rience d&rsquo;adaptation au changement et feront mieux face aux turbulences si leurs syst\u00e8mes de gestion des territoires et des esp\u00e8ces sont respect\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales peuvent avoir des croyances diff\u00e9rentes de celles des scientifiques ou de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 concernant la mise en danger et l&rsquo;extinction des esp\u00e8ces, et ces croyances devraient \u00eatre respect\u00e9es.<span id='easy-footnote-6-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-2198' title='Heise, U.K. (2016) &lt;em&gt;Imagining extinction&lt;\/em&gt;. University of Chicago Press.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nWhyte, K.P. (2018) \u00ab Indigenous science (fiction) for the Anthropocene: Ancestral dystopias and fantasies of climate change crises \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space&lt;\/em&gt; 1(1-2).'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span> L&rsquo;objectif 12 devrait tenir compte de l&rsquo;ensemble des syst\u00e8mes de gouvernance, des valeurs, des preuves et des motivations des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales.<span id='easy-footnote-7-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-2198' title='Godden, L. et Cowell, S. (2016) \u00ab Conservation planning and Indigenous governance in Australia\u2019s Indigenous Protected Areas \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Restoration Ecology&lt;\/em&gt;24(5).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nHill, R., Grant, C., George, M., Robinson, C.J., Jackson, S. et Abel, N. (2012) \u00ab A typology of Indigenous engagement in Australian environmental management: Implications for knowledge integration and social-ecological system sustainability \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Society&lt;\/em&gt; 17(1).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nPert, P.L., Hill, R., Maclean, K., Dale, A., Rist, P., Schmider, J., Talbot, L., Tawake, L. (2015) &lt;em&gt;\u00ab&lt;\/em&gt; Mapping cultural ecosystem services with rainforest aboriginal peoples: Integrating biocultural diversity, governance and social variation \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecosystem Services&lt;\/em&gt;13, pp. 41-56.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nBocchino, C., Hugu, S., Rodriguez, A., Rajaobelinirina, J.E., Nolan, M. (2014) \u00ab Enhancing the diversity, quality and vitality of governance of protected and conserved areas \u00bb. &lt;em&gt;Proceedings of Stream 6 of the IUCN World Parks Congress&lt;\/em&gt;, Sydney 2014.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span> . Les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales existent dans de nombreux contextes politiques, juridiques, culturels et historiques diff\u00e9rents. Des syst\u00e8mes de gouvernance inappropri\u00e9s impos\u00e9s aux peuples autochtones et aux communaut\u00e9s locales, et des syst\u00e8mes qui ne tiennent pas compte de leurs contextes, institutions et contraintes, peuvent aboutir \u00e0 une absence de coop\u00e9ration et \u00e0 des \u00e9checs.<span id='easy-footnote-8-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-2198' title='Duncan, T., Villarreal\u2010rosas, J., Carwardine, J., Garnett, S. T., et Robinson, C. J. (2018). \u00ab Influence of environmental governance regimes on the capacity of indigenous peoples to participate in conservation management \u00bb. &lt;em&gt;PARKS&lt;\/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;The International Journal of Protected Areas and Conservation&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;24&lt;\/em&gt;(2), pp. 87-102.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nLong, J.W. et Lake, F.K. (2018) \u00ab Escaping social-ecological traps through tribal stewardship on national forest lands in the Pacific Northwest, United States of America \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Society&lt;\/em&gt; 23(2).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nEckert, L.E., Ban, N., Tallio, S-C. et Turner, N. (2018) \u00ab Linking marine conservation and Indigenous cultural revitalization: First Nations free themselves from externally imposed social-ecological traps \u00bb,&lt;em&gt;Ecology and Society&lt;\/em&gt; 23(4).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nTuhiwai Smith, L. (2012) &lt;em&gt;Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples&lt;\/em&gt;. Zed Books.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nWaller, D. M., et N. J. Reo. (2018) \u00ab First stewards: Ecological outcomes of forest and wildlife stewardship by indigenous peoples of Wisconsin, USA \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Society&lt;\/em&gt; 23(1).'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605630600590{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb1656&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613737615456{margin-bottom: -1px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_row_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603713535343{margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 12px !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603713477954{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb485&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bb9&#215;9&Prime; css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605629411861{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: -32px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bbzeromargin\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603725966103{margin-top: -50px !important;margin-left: 24px !important;padding-right: 39px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6>Paysage arctique. Photo : US Fish &amp; Wildlife Service.<\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605627452898{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_column_text]Les processus qui concernent des esp\u00e8ces utilis\u00e9es par des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales devraient \u00eatre dirig\u00e9s, auto-g\u00e9r\u00e9s ou co-g\u00e9r\u00e9s par des peuples autochtones et communaut\u00e9s locales, et tenir pleinement compte de leurs gouvernance, institutions, valeurs, langues, concepts, utilisations durables, m\u00e9thodes, savoirs traditionnels et preuves.<span id='easy-footnote-9-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-9-2198' title='Teng\u00f6, M., Hill, R., Malmer, P., Raymond, C.M., Spierenburg, M., Danielsen, F., Elmqvist, T. et Folke, C. (2017) \u00ab Weaving knowledge systems in IPBES, CBD and beyond\u2014Lessons learned for sustainability \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability&lt;\/em&gt;26-27, pp.17-25.'><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales sont les mieux plac\u00e9s pour suivre et \u00e9laborer des indicateurs pour les esp\u00e8ces qui les concernent qui soient compatibles avec leurs situations sp\u00e9cifiques, et pour g\u00e9rer les connaissances et les donn\u00e9es qui peuvent ou non \u00eatre partag\u00e9es. Des financements et soutiens pour ces types d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et rendus accessibles aux peuples autochtones et communaut\u00e9s locales.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605627452898{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613737812847{border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 24px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Contributions et exp\u00e9riences des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales relatives \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif 12<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales contribuent au r\u00e9tablissement des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es par de nombreux moyens. Ils disposent de connaissances profondes concernant les comportements, les habitudes, les habitats, les associations, les relations, la distribution, l&rsquo;abondance, et de nombreux autres aspects des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es. Ils peuvent employer ces connaissances \u00e0 la gestion des esp\u00e8ces sur leurs terres et aider les scientifiques et les responsables de programmes. Ils manipulent souvent leurs environnements pour cr\u00e9er des \u00ab habitats bioculturels \u00bb qui prot\u00e8gent les esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es, au moyen de techniques telles que le br\u00fblage traditionnel et la gestion de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols. Au moyen d&rsquo;une utilisation durable et d&rsquo;innovations, ils peuvent pr\u00e9venir des effets locaux et \u00e9viter une mise en danger des esp\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n<p>Les actions visant \u00e0 favoriser le r\u00e9tablissement des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es ont souvent lieu sur un site donn\u00e9 ou portent sur une esp\u00e8ce sp\u00e9cifique sur les terres et les territoires des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales, mais de nombreuses menaces sont ext\u00e9rieures \u00e0 leur sph\u00e8re de comp\u00e9tence et\/ou concernent plusieurs juridictions (par exemple les changements climatiques, la croissance d\u00e9mographique, l&rsquo;urbanisation, la fragmentation des habitats, les obstacles \u00e0 la dispersion et la pollution).<span id='easy-footnote-10-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-10-2198' title='Liu, J., Hull, V., Batistella, M., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Fu, F., Hertel, T.W., Izaurralde, R.C., Lambin, E.F., Li, S., Martinelli, L.A., McConnell, W.J., Moran, E.F., Naylor, R., Ouyang, Z., Polenske, K.R., Reenberg, A., de Miranda Rocha, G., Simmons, C.S., Verburg, P.H., Vitousek, P.M., Zhang, et F., Zhu, C. (2013) \u00ab Framing sustainability in a telecoupled world \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Society&lt;\/em&gt; 18(2).'><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span>). Pour une r\u00e9ussite \u00e0 long terme, une approche interdisciplinaire large, souvent \u00e0 de multiples niveaux, est n\u00e9cessaire.<span id='easy-footnote-11-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-11-2198' title='Wilder, B.T., O\u2019Meara, C., Monti, L. et Nabhan, G.P. (2016) \u00ab The importance of Indigenous knowledge in curbing the loss of language and biodiversity \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;BioScience&lt;\/em&gt;66(6), pp. 499\u2013509.'><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Des changements dans la distribution des esp\u00e8ces, l&rsquo;\u00e9radication locale, les animaux f\u00e9rals et les maladies compliquent par ailleurs le r\u00e9tablissement.<span id='easy-footnote-12-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-12-2198' title='Blackburn, T.M., Bellard, C., et Ricciardi, A. (2019) \u00ab Alien versus native species as drivers of recent extinctions \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment&lt;\/em&gt; 17(4), pp. 203\u2013207.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nBond, M.O., Anderson, B.J., Henare, T.H.A. et Wehi, P.M. (2019) \u00ab Effects of climatically shifting species distributions on biocultural relationships \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;People and Nature&lt;\/em&gt; 1(1).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nHilland, A. (2013) \u00ab Extinguishment by extirpation: The Nuxalk Eulachon crisis \u00bb&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; Th\u00e8se de Master en droit, Universit\u00e9 de la Colombie britannique.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nKai, Z., Woan, T.S., Jie, L., Goodale, E., Kitajima, K., Bagchi, R. et Harrison, R.D. (2014) \u00ab Shifting baselines on a tropical forest frontier: Extirpations drive declines in local ecological knowledge \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;PLoS ONE&lt;\/em&gt; 9(1).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nThompson, P.L. et Fronhofer, E.A. (2019) \u00ab The Conflict between adaptation and dispersal for maintaining biodiversity in changing environments \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;PNAS&lt;\/em&gt;116(42).'><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Le r\u00e9tablissement peut \u00eatre fragile si les causes sous-jacentes de la mise en danger, notamment les facteurs sociaux et biophysiques, ne sont pas att\u00e9nu\u00e9es et si les projets ne sont pas suffisamment flexibles pour s&rsquo;adapter au changement.<span id='easy-footnote-13-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-13-2198' title='Lindenmayer, D. (2017) \u00ab Five things about long-term monitoring \u00bb. Sainte-Lucie : Decision Point Online. Disponible sur : &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/decision-point.com.au\/article\/five-things-about-long-term-monitoring\/&quot;&gt;http:\/\/decision-point.com.au\/article\/five-things-about-long-term-monitoring\/&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nLindenmayer, D.B., Piggott, M.P. et Wintle, B.A. (2013) \u00ab Counting the books while the library burns: why conservation monitoring programs need a plan for action \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment&lt;\/em&gt;11(10), pp. 549\u201355.'><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Il convient \u00e9galement de reconna\u00eetre que bien que les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales n&rsquo;aient pas caus\u00e9 la mise en danger, il est leur est fr\u00e9quemment demand\u00e9 d&rsquo;assumer le fardeau de la conservation.<\/p>\n<p>Les paragraphes ci-dessous pr\u00e9sentent quelques approches adopt\u00e9es par les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales, qui vont des mesures politiques \u00e0 la surveillance autonome, \u00e0 la gestion et aux partenariats.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En Australie, trois quarts des esp\u00e8ces de vert\u00e9br\u00e9s class\u00e9es comme menac\u00e9es se trouvent en partie sur des terres autochtones.<span id='easy-footnote-14-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-14-2198' title='Renwick, A.R., Robinson, C.J., Garnett, S.T., Leiper, I., Possingham, H.P. et Carwardine, J. (2017) \u00ab Mapping Indigenous land management for threatened species conservation: An Australian case-study \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;PLoS ONE&lt;\/em&gt;12(3).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nLeiper, I., Zander, K.K., Robinson, C.J., Carwadine, J., Moggridge, B.J. et Garnett, S.T. (2018) \u00ab Quantifying current and potential contributions of Australian indigenous peoples to threatened species management \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Conservation Biology&lt;\/em&gt;32(5), pp. 1038-1047.'><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Les propri\u00e9taires traditionnels \u00e9tablissent des aires autochtones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (AAP) et ce faisant, identifient les zones d&rsquo;importance bioculturelle et apportent des connaissances sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es sur les esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es.<span id='easy-footnote-15-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-15-2198' title='Ens, E.J., Finalyson, M., Preuss, K., Jackson, S. et Holcombe, S. (2012) \u00ab Australian approaches for managing &amp;lsquo;country\u2019 using Indigenous and non-Indigenous knowledge \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecological Management &amp;amp; Restoration.&lt;\/em&gt; 13(1), pp. 100-107. .&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nEns et al. (2015) \u00ab Indigenous biocultural knowledge in ecosystem science and management: Review and insight from Australia \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Biological Conservation&lt;\/em&gt;181, pp. 133\u201349'><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Par exemple, Threatened Species Recovery Hub collabore avec des gardes fauniques et des communaut\u00e9s aborig\u00e8nes pour surveiller et r\u00e9tablir le bilby (<em>Macrotis lagotis<\/em>), un petit mammif\u00e8re nocturne.<span id='easy-footnote-16-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-16-2198' title='Threatened Species Recovery Hub (n.d.) \u00ab Indigenous action in threatened species research and management \u00bb. Sainte-Lucie : Threatened Species Recovery Hub. Disponible sur : &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/www.nespthreatenedspecies.edu.au\/projects\/collaborations-with-indigenous-people-in-threatened-species-research-and-management&quot;&gt;http:\/\/www.nespthreatenedspecies.edu.au\/projects\/collaborations-with-indigenous-people-in-threatened-species-research-and-management&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span> De mani\u00e8re plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le centre soutient le d\u00e9veloppement de protocoles communautaires et de processus pilot\u00e9s par les Autochtones.<span id='easy-footnote-17-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-17-2198' title='Threatened Species Recovery Hub (n.d.) \u00ab The importance of Indigenous Peoples to the conservation of Australia&amp;rsquo;s threatened species\u00bb. Communication \u00e0 la Commission d&amp;rsquo;enqu\u00eate du S\u00e9nat concernant la crise de la disparition de la faune en Australie. Communication 159, Annexe 7. Brisbane: Threatened Species Recovery Hub. Disponible sur : &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/DocumentStore.ashx?id=6affc0b8-8305-496c-bf99-99d5a49fdb71&amp;amp;subId=659993&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/DocumentStore.ashx?id=6affc0b8-8305-496c-bf99-99d5a49fdb71&amp;amp;subId=659993&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span> . De m\u00eame, la campagne Country Needs People soutient les aires autochtones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es aborig\u00e8nes et insulaires du d\u00e9troit de Torres et les activit\u00e9s de protection des esp\u00e8ces<span id='easy-footnote-18-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-18-2198' title='Country Needs People, (n.d.) \u00ab Country Needs People: Protecting nature, transforming lives \u00bb. Disponible sur : &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.countryneedspeople.org.au\/country_needs_people&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.countryneedspeople.org.au\/country_needs_people&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Au Guatemala, des communaut\u00e9s autochtones surveillent la sant\u00e9 des for\u00eats et des oiseaux, mammif\u00e8res et plantes en danger dans les for\u00eats communautaires.<span id='easy-footnote-19-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-19-2198' title='Asociaci\u00f3n Sotz&amp;rsquo;il (n.d.). \u00ab Monitorio Biol\u00f3gico Cultural: Fortaleciendo la Gesti\u00f3n Colectiva Ind\u00edgena para la Conservaci\u00f3n y Manejo Sostenible de Bosques Comunales en la Cadena Volc\u00e1nica Occidental y Los Cuchumatanes Fase II. \u00bb Pr\u00e9sentation sous forme de poster. Chimaltenango : Asociaci\u00f3n Sotz&amp;rsquo;il.'><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Elles disposent d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me communautaire de surveillance et d&rsquo;information qui assure le suivi de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat, des tendances, des valeurs culturelles et des pratiques associ\u00e9s aux esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es, et leur fournit des informations pour la gestion de leurs for\u00eats.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c0 Samoa, des chasseurs autochtones ont fourni des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur le diduncule strigirostre (<em>Didunculus strigirostris<\/em>) critiquement en p\u00e9ril. Des informations sur son observation, son \u00e9cologie comportementale, ses sources d&rsquo;alimentation et ses habitudes terrestres constituent la base des recommandations de conservation \u00e0 court terme<span id='easy-footnote-20-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-20-2198' title='Serra, G., Sherley, G., Failagi, S.A. et Foliga, S.T. (2018) \u00ab Traditional ecological knowledge of the Critically Endangered Tooth-Billed Pigeon &lt;em&gt;Didunculus Strigirostris&lt;\/em&gt;, endemic to Samoa \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bird Conservation International&lt;\/em&gt;28(4), pp. 620\u201342.'><sup>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, l&rsquo;arr\u00eat\u00e9 commun (Joint Secretarial Order) 3206,<span id='easy-footnote-21-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-21-2198' title='Kraniak, D. (2015) \u00ab Conserving endangered species in Indian Country: The success and struggles of Joint Secretarial Order 3206 nineteen years on \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Colorado Natural Resources, Energy &amp;amp; Environmental Law Review&lt;\/em&gt; 31(1), pp. 321\u201359.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nWood, J. (2015) \u00ab Endangered species, endangered treaties: Protecting treaty rights, economic development, and tribal consultation under Secretarial Order 3206 \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;American Indian Law Journal&lt;\/em&gt; 4(1).'><sup>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span> relatif \u00e0 la loi sur les esp\u00e8ces en danger (<em>Endangered Species Act<\/em>) et les tribus, reconna\u00eet que les tribus supportent souvent le fardeau de la conservation pour des atteintes qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;ont pas caus\u00e9es. Il a recours \u00e0 un \u00e9ventail de mesures d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation pour emp\u00eacher la mise en danger des esp\u00e8ces, attribue de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence le fardeau de la r\u00e9paration \u00e0 ceux qui ont caus\u00e9 les atteintes et, lorsque les atteintes sont in\u00e9vitables, r\u00e9duire au minimum le fardeau pour les tribus, en consultation avec les autorit\u00e9s tribales.<\/li>\n<li>Au Ghana, le peuple Ashanti dicte la gestion de sa r\u00e9serve foresti\u00e8re selon de profondes croyances culturelles, des liens spirituels \u00e0 la for\u00eat, et des tabous. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que leurs for\u00eats sont en grande partie intactes, avec des couverts ferm\u00e9s et des quantit\u00e9s importantes de bois exploitable. En comparaison, les for\u00eats g\u00e9r\u00e9es par la commission ghan\u00e9enne des for\u00eats avaient une structure et une productivit\u00e9 inad\u00e9quates, ce qui indique que le syst\u00e8me traditionnel de gestion est un outil de conservation utile.<span id='easy-footnote-22-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-22-2198' title='E. A. Asante, E.A., Ababio, S. et Boadu, K.B. (2017) \u00ab Use of indigenous cultural practices by the ashantis for the conservation of forests in Ghana \u00bb. &lt;em&gt;SAGE Open&lt;\/em&gt; 7(1).'><sup>22<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>. Le Trait\u00e9 de Buffalo est une alliance intertribale moderne entre des Tribus des \u00c9tats-Unis et des Premi\u00e8res Nations du Canada, avec pour objectif \u00e0 long terme de permettre la libre circulation des bisons \u00e0 travers la fronti\u00e8re internationale et r\u00e9tablir son r\u00f4le central pour l&rsquo;alimentation, la spiritualit\u00e9 et les \u00e9conomies de nombreuses Tribus am\u00e9rindiennes et Premi\u00e8res Nations. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 sous la conduite des anciens qui se conforment \u00e0 la tradition, pour r\u00e9orienter la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration vers le chemin de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre culturel et \u00e9cologique, pour tourner la page de la quasi-extinction du bison, renouvelant ainsi les relations culturelles et spirituelles anciennes avec le bison et les prairies des Grandes Plaines du Nord.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605630564486{margin-bottom: 72px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_row_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729083665{margin-left: 0px !important;padding-left: 13px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729091046{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb485&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bb9&#215;9&Prime; css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605629383839{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: -32px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bbzeromargin\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729454064{margin-left: 0px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729560528{margin-top: -53px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-right: 17px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613738236372{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Encadr\u00e9 28 : Chef Dana Tizya-Tramm, Premi\u00e8re Nation Vuntut Gwitchin<\/h4>\n<h6>Les Gwich\u2019in d\u00e9pendent depuis des milliers d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es de la force et de la vitalit\u00e9 de la harde de caribous de la Porcupine pour leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Photo : Minden Pictures.<\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb1623&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613738195763{margin-bottom: -1px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_row_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605629590013{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 9px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 9px !important;background-color: rgba(124,148,73,0.1) !important;*background-color: rgb(124,148,73) !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729933783{padding-top: 30px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u00c9tude de cas : les Gwich\u2019in et la harde de caribous de la Porcupine, Am\u00e9rique du Nord<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>La harde de caribous de la Porcupine (<em>Rangifer tarandus granti<\/em>) est un groupe d&rsquo;animaux embl\u00e9matiques d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord qui peuple les r\u00e9gions allant de l&rsquo;Alaska aux \u00c9tats-Unis aux Territoires du nord-ouest au Canada. Au cours de la plus longue migration de mammif\u00e8res au monde, le caribou de la Porcupine parcourt plus de 2 400 kilom\u00e8tres chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 travers le territoire traditionnel de la Nation Gwich\u2019in. Le caribou de la Porcupine et les Gwich\u2019in sont d\u00e9sormais confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des menaces durables qui incluent une gestion inefficace partag\u00e9e entre plusieurs juridictions, les effets de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 industrielle, et le changement climatique.<\/p>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/case-studies\/the-gwichin-and-the-porcupine-caribou-herd-north-america\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u2014 Lire l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de cas compl\u00e8te<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605630564486{margin-bottom: 72px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_row_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729083665{margin-left: 0px !important;padding-left: 13px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729091046{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb485&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bb9&#215;9&Prime; css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605629383839{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: -32px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bbzeromargin\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729454064{margin-left: 0px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-left: 8px !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729560528{margin-top: -53px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-right: 17px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613738387829{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Encadr\u00e9 29 : Alexandra McGregor et Wanli Ou, AFN Fisheries<\/h4>\n<h6>Un p\u00eacheur traditionnel mi\u2019kmaw de Pictou Landing, sur le territoire mi\u2019kmaq. Photo : Amy Moulton.<\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb1668&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613738417267{margin-bottom: -1px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_row_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605629590013{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 9px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 9px !important;background-color: rgba(124,148,73,0.1) !important;*background-color: rgb(124,148,73) !important;border-left-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1603729933783{padding-top: 30px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u00c9tude de cas : anguilles autochtones au Canada<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Les <em>pimizi<\/em> (le mot anishinaabemowin qui signifie \u00ab anguille \u00bb) coexistent depuis longtemps avec les peuples autochtones de la c\u00f4te est du Canada sur l&rsquo;\u00eele de Big Turtle. Connue \u00e9galement sous le nom d&rsquo;anguille d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique (A<em>nguilla rostrata<\/em>), cette cr\u00e9ature serpentine est primordiale pour la sant\u00e9 et la richesse des peuples autochtones depuis des milliers d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/case-studies\/indigenous-eels-in-canada\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u2014 Lire l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de cas compl\u00e8te<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605627452898{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_column_text]L\u00e0 o\u00f9 des partenariats entre des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales et des chercheurs sont fond\u00e9s sur le respect mutuel, la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9, le partage des avantages, la responsabilit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 culturelle, les donn\u00e9es disponibles montrent qu&rsquo;ils ont permis d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la compr\u00e9hension collective des aires de r\u00e9partition \u00e9cologiques, des niveaux de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et des tendances des esp\u00e8ces.<span id='easy-footnote-23-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-23-2198' title='Mistry, J. et Berardi, A. (2016). \u00ab Bridging indigenous and scientific knowledge \u00bb, Science, 352(6291), pp. 1274\u2013 1275.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nSterling, E.J., Filardi, C., Toomey, A., Sigouin, A., Betley, E., Gazit, N., Newell, J., Albert, S., Alvira, D., Bergamini, N., Blair, M.E. et al. (2017) \u00ab Biocultural approaches to well-being and sustainability indicators across scales \u00bb, Nature Ecology &amp;amp; Evolution 1, pp. 1798\u20131806.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nSkroblin, A., Carboon, T., Bidu, G., Chapman, N., Miller, M., Taylor, K., Taylor, W., Game, E.T. et Wintle, B.A. (2019). \u00ab Including Indigenous knowledge in species distribution modelling for increased ecological insights \u00bb, Conservation Biology.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nGarnett, S. T., Burgess, N.D., Fa, J.E., Fern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1., Moln\u00e1r, Z., Robinson, C. J., Watson, J.E. M., Zander, K.K., Austin, B., Brondizio, E.S. et al. (2018). \u00ab A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation \u00bb, Nature Sustainability, 1(7), 369\u2013374.'><sup>23<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Il est toutefois \u00e9galement manifeste que des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s historiques et ancr\u00e9s contre les mani\u00e8res autochtones de conna\u00eetre et d&rsquo;\u00eatre jettent une ombre sur les approches scientifiques aux peuples autochtones et aux communaut\u00e9s locales et continuent trop souvent de les caract\u00e9riser.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La gu\u00e9rison \u00e0 double sens \u00bb \/ \u00ab les savoirs \u00e0 double sens \u00bb \/ \u00ab l&rsquo;apprentissage r\u00e9ciproque \u00bb<span id='easy-footnote-24-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-24-2198' title='Ens, E. (2012) \u00ab Conducting two-way ecological research \u00bb, in Altman, J. et Kerins, S. (\u00e9d.) &lt;em&gt;People on Country, Vital Landscapes, Indigenous Futures&lt;\/em&gt;. The Federation Press.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nPreuss, K. et Dixon, M. (2012) \u00ab &amp;lsquo;Looking after Country Two-Ways&amp;rsquo;: Insights into Indigenous Community-Based Conservation from the Southern Tanami \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ecological Management &amp;amp; Restoration&lt;\/em&gt; 13(1), pp. 2\u201315.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nSnively, G. et Williams, L.B. (2008) \u00ab &amp;lsquo;Coming to Know&amp;rsquo;: Weaving Aboriginal and Western science knowledge, language, and literacy into the science classroom \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;L-1 Educational Studies in Language and Literature&lt;\/em&gt;8(1).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&amp;#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;\nVerschuuren, B., Zylstra, M., Yunupingu, B. et Verschoor, G.M. (2014) \u00ab Mixing waters: A cross cultural approach to developing guidelines for fishers and boaters in the Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area, Australia \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;PARKS: the International of Protected Areas and Conservation&lt;\/em&gt; 21, pp. 73\u201388.'><sup>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span> peuvent promouvoir un changement de fond chez les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales et dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, pour une vie en harmonie avec la nature. <span id='easy-footnote-25-2198' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/lbo2.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/objectif-12-reduction-du-risque-dextinction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-25-2198' title='Colloff et al. (2017) \u00ab Transforming conservation science and practice for a postnormal world \u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Conservation Biology&lt;\/em&gt; 31(5), pp. 1008\u201317.'><sup>25<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 o\u00f9 respect et confiance mutuels pr\u00e9valent ou s&rsquo;installent, il existe de r\u00e9elles possibilit\u00e9s de travailler avec les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales sur des efforts de r\u00e9tablissement cibl\u00e9s et, \u00e0 travers ces efforts, de s&rsquo;engager \u00e0 soutenir leurs modes de vie, de pens\u00e9e, leur bien-\u00eatre et leurs droits humains.<a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605627730780{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613738694720{border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 24px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Occasions et actions recommand\u00e9es<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales devraient b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&rsquo;un soutien pour d\u00e9velopper des initiatives visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les extinctions d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces, notamment pour des activit\u00e9s de surveillance et de comptes rendus concernant le r\u00e9tablissement des esp\u00e8ces aux niveaux national et international.<\/li>\n<li>Les gouvernements, les donateurs et les acteurs concern\u00e9s devraient apporter un soutien continu aux initiatives communautaires pour la r\u00e9duction du risque d&rsquo;extinction, notamment aux syst\u00e8mes communautaires de surveillance et d&rsquo;information.<\/li>\n<li>Les gouvernements et tous les acteurs concern\u00e9s devraient garantir une coordination et une coop\u00e9ration \u00e0 tous les niveaux et entre toutes les juridictions, et impliquer les peuples autochtones et les communaut\u00e9s locales dans l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration des lois, des politiques et des processus de planification pour prot\u00e9ger leurs droits et leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le r\u00e9tablissement r\u00e9ussi d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es sur le long terme exige d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuer les causes profondes de leur mise en danger, ainsi que les effets cumul\u00e9s et combin\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Tous les acteurs devraient int\u00e9grer la protection des esp\u00e8ces dans les paysages de production et les habitats bioculturels.<\/li>\n<li>Tous les acteurs devraient reconna\u00eetre et tenir compte de l&rsquo;ensemble des institutions, des valeurs, des concepts, des contextes, des int\u00e9r\u00eats et des droits des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales qui pr\u00e9servent leurs modes de vie et emp\u00eachent une mise en danger des esp\u00e8ces. Ils devraient \u00e9galement \u00e9viter d&rsquo;imposer des fardeaux en mati\u00e8re de conservation qui pourraient d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer le r\u00f4le de gardien des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales et leurs relations \u00e0 la nature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605627730780{margin-bottom: 24px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-md-offset-0 vc_col-sm-offset-2&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613738723350{border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 24px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ressources essentielles<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ressources essentielles Armitage, D., Mbatha, P., Muhl, E.-K., Rice, W. et Sowman, M. (2020) \u00ab Governance principles for community-centered conservation in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework \u00bb. <em>Conservation Science and Practice<\/em> 2:e160. Disponible sur : <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/csp2.160\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/csp2.160<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Garnett, S.T., Burgess, N.D., Fa, J.E., Fern\u00e1ndez-Llamazares, \u00c1., Moln\u00e1r, Z., Robinson, C. J., Watson, J.E. M., Zander, K.K., Austin, B., Brondizio, E.S. et al. (2018) \u00ab A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation \u00bb. <em>Nature Sustainability<\/em>, 1(7), 369-74. Disponible sur : <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-0180100-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-0180100-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Malmer, P., Masterson, V., Austin, B. et Teng\u00f6, M. (2020) \u00ab Mobilisation of indigenous and local knowledge as a source of useable evidence for conservation partnerships \u00bb. In (\u00e9d.) : Sutherland, W.J., Brotherton, P.N.M., Davies, Z.G., Ockendon, N., Pettorelli, N. et Vickery, J.A. : <em>Conservation research, policy and practice<\/em>. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, pp. 82\u2013113.<\/li>\n<li>Reyes\u2010Garc\u00eda, V., Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Llamazares, \u00c1., McElwee, P., Moln\u00e1r, Z., \u00d6llerer, K., Wilson, S.J. et Brondizio, E.S. (2018) \u00ab The contributions of Indigenous Peoples and local communities to ecological restoration \u00bb. <em>Restoration Ecology<\/em> 27(1) : 3-8.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6&Prime; offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\u00a0\u00bbstretch_row\u00a0\u00bb full_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb bg_type=\u00a0\u00bbbg_color\u00a0\u00bb bg_color_value=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(124,148,73,0.1)\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605631418985{margin-bottom: 37px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime;][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb723&Prime; img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bbtargetimage\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1605696592744{margin-top: 3px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb] Objectif 12 : r\u00e9duction du risque d&rsquo;extinction [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime;][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1613736983565{margin-top: 3px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 18px !important;border-top-color: #2b2e34 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-radius: 1px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb] D\u2019ici \u00e0 2020, l\u2019extinction d\u2019esp\u00e8ces&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[52],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Objectif 12 : r\u00e9duction du risque d&#039;extinction &bull; 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